C de Códice e Computador | E de Edição Electrónica | E de Escrileitores
C for Codex and Computer | E for Electronic Editing | W for Wreaders
Bebiano, Rui (1999): “A Biblioteca Errante: Itinerários da Leitura na Era Digital”, in Revista de História das Ideias, Vol. 20, pp. 471-494.
Bolter, Jay David (2001): Writing Space: Computers, Hypertext, and the Remediation of Print, Mahwah, New Jersey, Lawrence ErlBaum Associates Publishers [new revised edition; 1st ed. 1991].
Bolter, Jay David & Richard Grusin (2000): Remediation: Understanding New Media, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press [1ª ed. 1999].
Bolter, Jay David & Diane Gromala (2003): Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art, and the Myth of Transparency, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press.
Bush, Vannevar (1945): “As We May Think”, in David Trend, ed., Reading Digital Culture, Oxford: Blackwell 2002 [2001], pp. 9-13.
Dearnley, James and John Feather (2001): “A New Technology for Information” and “The Flow of Information”, in The Wired World: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of the Information Society, London: Library Association Publishing, pp.25-59.
Delany, Paul and George P. Landow, eds. (1995): “Hypertext, Hypermedia and Literary Studies: The State of the Art”, in Hypermedia and Literary Studies, Cambridge, MA: MIT [1ª ed. 1991], pp. 3-50.
Dickey, William (1991): “Poem Descending a Staircase: Hypertext and the Simultaneity of Experience”, in Paul Delany and George P. Landow (eds.) Hypermedia and Literary Studies, Cambridge, MA: MIT [1ª ed. 1991], pp. 143-152.
Drucker, Johanna (2002): “Intimations of Immateriality: Graphical Form, Textual Sense and the Electronic Environment”, in Elizabeth Bergmann Loizeaux and Neil Fraistat, eds., Reimagining Textuality: Essays on the Verbal, Visual and Cultural Construction of Texts, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 152-177.
Drucker, Johanna and Jerome McGann (2001): “Images as the Text: Pictographs and Pictographic Logic”, at <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/~jjm2f/old/pictograph.html>
Eaves, Morris, Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi (2000): “The William Blake Archive: Editorial Principles: Methodology and Standards in the Blake Archive”, at <http://www.blakearchive.org/blake/public/about/principles/>
Eaves, Morris (2002): “Graphicality: Multimedia Fables for “Textual” Critics”, in Elizabeth Bergmann Loizeaux and Neil Fraistat, eds., Reimagining Textuality: Essays on the Verbal, Visual and Cultural Construction of Texts, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 99-122.
Eco, Umberto (2003): “Vegetal and mineral memory: The future of books”, in Al-Ahram Weekly, Issue No. 665, 20-26 November 2003, at <http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/665/bo3.htm>
Fiolhais, Carlos (2003): “Será o Universo um Computador?”, in <http://www.ciberscopio.net/artigos/tema5/ccie_02.html>, originalmente publicado em Computadores, Universo e Tudo o Resto, Lisboa: Gradiva, 1994.
Furtado, José Afonso (2003): “O Papel e o Pixel”, Junho de 2003, in Ciberscópio, <http://www.ciberscopio.net/artigos/tema3/cdif_05_1.html>
Heim, Michael (1994): “The Erotic Ontology of Cyberspace”, in David Trend, ed., Reading Digital Culture, Oxford: Blackwell 2002 [2001], pp. 70-86.
Joyce, Michael (2002): “Hypertext and Hypermedia” and “Siren Shapes: Exploratory and Constructive Hypertexts”, in Of Two Minds: Hypertext Pedagogy and Poetics, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press [1ª ed. 1995], pp. 19-29, 39-49.
Kirschenbaum, Matthew G. (2002): “Editing the Interface: Textual Studies and First Generation Electronic Objects”, in TEXT: An Interdisciplinary Annual of Textual Studies 14: 15-52.
Landow, George P. (1997): “Hypertext: an Introduction”, “Hypertext and Critical Theory” and “Reconfiguring Literary Education”, in Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins UP [1992, 1997], pp. 1-32, 33-48, 219-255.
Lavagnino, John (1995): “Reading, Scholarship, and Hypertext Editions”, in TEXT: Transactions of the Society for Textual Scholarship 8 (The University of Michigan Press): 109-124. Also at <http://www.stg.brown.edu/resources/stg/monographs/rshe.html>
McGann, Jerome (2000): “Endnote: what is text?”, in Joe Bray, Miriam Handley & Anne Henry (eds.), Ma(r)king the Text: The Presentation of Meaning on the Literary Page, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 329-333.
McGann, Jerome (2001): “The Rationale of Hypertext” and “Visible and Invisible Books in N-Dimensional Space”, in Radiant Textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web. New York: Palgrave/St. Martin’s, pp. 53-74, 167-191. “The Rationale of Hypertext” also at <http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/public/jjm2f/rationale.html>
McGann, Jerome (2002): “Textonics: Literary and Cultural Studies in a Quantum World”, at <http://www.ciberscopio.net/artigos/tema2/clit_01.html>
McKenzie, D.F. (2004): “Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts”, in Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [1999, 1986], pp. 7-76.
McLuhan, Marshall (1972): The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man, London: Routledge [1ª ed. 1962].
Nunberg, Geoffrey (1993): “The Places of Books in the Age of Electronic Reproduction”, in Representations 42 (University of California at Berkeley): 13-37.
Nunberg, Geoffrey, ed. (1996): The Future of the Book, Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California.
Pina, Manuel António (2003): Os Livros. Lisboa: Assírio & Alvim.
Portela, Manuel (2003): “Untranslations and Transcreations”, in TEXT: An Interdisciplinary Annual of Textual Studies 15 (The University of Michigan Press): 305-320.
Portela, Manuel (2005): “Hipertexto como Metalivro”, in Ciberscópio, Maio de 2003, <http://www.ciberscopio.net/artigos/tema2/clit_05.html>.
Portela, Manuel (2005): DigLitWeb: Digital Literature Web, página web no endereço <www.ci.uc.pt/diglit>
Portela, Manuel (2005): “A Poesia Concreta na Era Digital”, in Inimigo Rumor, Nº 16 (Rio de Janeiro/ Lisboa, 1º semestre de 2005) [no prelo].
Robinson, Peter (2000): “Ma(r)king the Electronic Text: How, Why and for Whom?”, in Joe Bray, Miriam Handley & Anne Henry (eds.), Ma(r)king the Text: The Presentation of Meaning on the Literary Page, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 309-328.
Shillingsburg, Peter L. (1999): “Electronic Editions”, in Scholarly Editing in the Computer Age: Theory and Practice, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press [3ª ed. 1996], pp. 161-171.
Sutherland, Kathryn, ed. (1997): Electronic Text: Investigations in Method and Theory, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Waterworth, John A. and Eva L. Waterworth (2003): “The Meaning of Presence”, Agosto 2003, in Ciberscópio, http://www.ciberscopio.net/artigos/tema5/ccie_05.html
Obras reservadas no Instituto de Estudos Ingleses:
Bergmann Loiseaux, Elizabeth and Neil Fraistat, eds. (2002): Reimagining Textuality: Essays on the Verbal, Visual and Cultural Construction of Texts, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Bolter, Jay David & Richard Grusin (2000): Remediation: Understanding New Media, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press [1ª ed. 1999].
Bolter, Jay David (2001): Writing Space: Computers, Hypertext, and the Remediation of Print, Mahwah, New Jersey, Lawrence ErlBaum Associates Publishers.
Bolter, Jay David & Diane Gromala (2003): Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art, and the Myth of Transparency, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press.
Dearnley, James and John Feather (2001): The Wired World: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of the Information Society, London: Library Association Publishing.
Delany, Paul and George P. Landow, eds., (1995): Hypermedia and Literary Studies, Cambridge, MA: MIT [1ª ed. 1991].
Glazier, Loss Pequeño (2002): Digital Poetics: The Making of E-Poetries, Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Joyce, Michael (2002): Of Two Minds: Hypertext Pedagogy and Poetics, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press [1ª ed. 1995].
Landow, George P. (1997): Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins UP [1992, 1997].
McGann, Jerome (2001): Radiant Textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web. New York: Palgrave/St. Martin’s.
Shillingsburg, Peter L. (1999): Scholarly Editing in the Computer Age: Theory and Practice, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press [3ª ed. 1996].
Sutherland, Kathryn, ed. (1997): Electronic Text: Investigations in Method and Theory, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Trend, David, ed., (2002): Reading Digital Culture, Oxford: Blackwell 2002 [2001].
I am thinking here not so much of technical limitations that are likely to be overcome in time, but of features inherent in the very properties that make these media seem so superior to print — their ability to store, manipulate, and transmit huge amounts of information at a very low cost; the immateriality of the representations they traffic in; their versatility as tools for the production, diffusion, and reception of texts. What I want to argue here is that it is precisely because these technologies transcend the material limitations of the book that they will have trouble assuming its role.
Geoffrey Nunberg, “The Places of Books in the Age of Electronic Reproduction”,
in Representations 42 (University of California at Berkeley), 1993, p.35.
Num certo sentido, o hipertexto criaria uma representação similar da criação, transmissão e uso dos textos, justamente pela sua natureza meta-informativa. Esta representação de segunda ordem da forma bibliográfica destrói a unidade discreta do códice e reconstela os seus elementos num espaço discursivo mais vasto e variável. A ordem imposta pelo códice ao conhecimento e à experiência refaz-se num hiperlivro virtual, cujas fronteiras discursivas e materiais deixaram para sempre de poder repetir as fronteiras do livro tipográfico.
Manuel Portela, “Hipertexto como Metalivro”, in Ciberscópio, 2003, PDF, p. 14, <http://www.ciberscopio.net/artigos/tema2/clit_05.pdf>
O texto, no seu conjunto, é comparável a um céu simultaneamente plano e profundo, liso, sem margens, nem pontos de referência; tal como o áugure que, com a ponta do seu cajado, corta um rectângulo fictício do céu, para nele interrogar, segundo certos princípios, o voo dos pássaros, assim o comentador traça, ao longo do texto, zonas de leitura, para nelas observar a migração dos sentidos, o aflorar dos códigos, a passagem das citações.
Roland Barthes, S/Z, Lisboa: Edições 70, 1999 [1ª ed. francesa, 1970], p. 18.
What is perhaps most interesting about hypertext, though, is not that it may fulfil certain claims of structuralism and poststructuralist criticism but that it provides a rich means of testing them.
George P. Landow, Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins UP, 1997, p. 36.
Ultimately, one of the intimations of immateriality is the way it promises to change material form – and, as such, offers new possibilities for reconceptualization of language as information in the traditional media as well as in hypertext and electronic formats. The configured features of languages seem poised to play an ever more significant role in these formats.
Johanna Drucker, “Intimations of Immateriality: Graphical Form, Textual Sense and the Electronic Environment”, in Elizabeth Bergmann Loizeaux and Neil Fraistat, eds., Reimagining Textuality: Essays on the Verbal, Visual and Cultural Construction of Texts, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002, p. 175.
One chief effect of electronic hypertext has been the way it challenges now-conventional assumptions about teachers, learners, and the institutions they inhabit. It changes the roles of teacher and student in much the same way it changes those of writer and reader. Its emphasis upon the active, empowered reader, which fundamentally calls into question our assumptions about reading, writing, and texts, similarly calls into question our assumptions about the nature and institutions of literary education that so depend upon these texts.
George P. Landow, Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins UP, 1997, p. 219.
Computerization allows us to read "hardcopy" documents in a non-real, or as we now say a "virtual", space-time environment. This consequence follows whether the hardcopy is being marked up for electronic search and analysis, or whether it is being organized hypertextually. When a book is translated into electronic form, the book's (heretofore distributed) semantic and visual features can be made simultaneously present to each other. A book thus translated need not be read within the time-and-space frames established by the material characteristics of the book. If the hardcopy to be translated comprises a large set of books and documents, the power of the translational work appears even more dramatically, since all those separate books and documents can also be made simultaneously present to each other, as well as all the parts of the documents.
Jerome McGann, “The Rationale of Hypertext”, 1996, in <http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/public/jjm2f/rationale.html>
In building digital editions, McKenzie’s idea of the social character of physical objects must be held fast. To define a document as a text, as SGML/TEI does, is to follow the rationalist line of textual/bibliographical thinking that McKenzie’s work fractured. By contrast, regarding textual documents as physical objects prepares you to develop mechanisms that expose their status as social objects. This is true because physical objects, as McKenzie argued, bear the manifest signs of how and where and by whom they were made. In addition, and reciprocally, physical objects signal their immediate social condition. We can think about ideas and take our solitary way with them. If we fetishize the physical object, we can do the same. But there the move is less easily made because physical objects carry manifest signs of their public and social relations. They have to be handled — that’s to say, used and interpreted — with others, in institutional space and in physical ways.
Jerome McGann,“Textonics: Literary and Cultural Studies in a Quantum World”, 2002, in Ciberscópio, PDF, p. 12, <http://www.ciberscopio.net/artigos/tema2/clit_01.html>